PLSS Map

www.idwr.idaho.gov/gisdata/tech_note/adjudica.htm

The above is an example of a PLSS map of a portion of a Idaho Township. Typically a township is 6 sq miles, which is subdivided into 36 different 1 sq mile sections.

A Public Land Survey System map or PLSS map is a map that the Federal Government uses to identify and illustrate public domain land that is owned by the government.

Cadastral Map

http://alabamamaps.ua.edu/historicalmaps/counties/macon/Cadastrals/index.htm

The above is a Cadastral map illustrating the Macon County Property Ownership, 1936.

A Cadastral map is basically used to divide land for development, ownership and boundaries.

Thematic Map

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maps_of_Chicago

The above Thematic Map illustrates the different neighborhoods and contrasting demographics of the diverse city of Chicago, Illinois. A Thematic Map illustrate spatial variation of one or more geographic distributions; which may be of the physical phenomena such as climate characteristics and human characteristics such as population demographics and other related topics.

Topographic Map

http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/tajikistan_topographic_map

The above is a Topographic map of Tajikistan which is located in Central Asia, west of China and north of Afghanistan. A Topographic Map shows both natural and man-made features of an area; it is all represented on a large scale map of the specific area.

Planimetric Map

http://wwwpaztcn.wr.usgs.gov/vigil/last_day/figure1.html

The above is a Planimetric map of "Last Day Gully", Wyoming. A Planimetric map is a map that only represents horizontal positions of features; this is featured on a two-dimentional plane without reference to contours or topographic relief.